To strengthen laboratory surveillance for pneumococcal meningitis and serotyping in India to understand the impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine rollout.

To evaluate the impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule change in Mozambique on vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease; and serotype 1 colonization among patients with suspected pneumonia and serotype 1 disease among children and adults.

To research the nairovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a tick-borne viral disease, especially common in East and West Africa. With mortality rates as high as 80 percent and with no FDA approved vaccines or therapeutics, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is considered a dangerous pathogen and a serious bioterrorism threat. The project will expand the knowledge of the ovarian tumor protease domain of the nairovirus to inform control measures and vaccine development.

To evaluate Saudi Arabia's infectious disease surveillance system, help train local and regional disease detectives and improve the country's capacity to monitor for and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.